ANSWERS FOR MID TEST

ANSWERS FOR MID TEST

Name :                    NURDIANTI PRAMAISELA

NIM    :                  RSA1C111018

PRODI :                 KIMIA PGSBI

1.      1A. Explain hoe the concepr of organic compounds from petroleum can be used as a fuel for vehicles such as car , motor bike , including aricraft .

 B Explain it how the idea of chemical compounds of petroleum can be used to make clothing and plastic and materials needs of other human lives .

2.       2. Explain why the hydrocarbon asymetrical or chiral have a variety of benefit for human being . and describe how does it the chiral centers can be formed .

3.      3.  When ethylene gas produced from a ripe fruit can be used to ripe other fruits that are still unripe . how do you idea when the gas is used as fuel gas like methane gas.

4.       4. Aromatic compounds are marked by ease of adjacent electrons conjugated . please explain why an unsaturated compund which highly conjugated but is not aromatic?

ANSWER
1.a. Petroleum is found in conjunction with natural gas. Petroleum that has been separated from the natural gas is also called crude oil (crude oil). Crude oil can be distinguished:• light crude oil (light crude oil) containing low levels of metals and sulfur, are light-colored and thin (low viscosity).• heavy crude oil (heavy crude oil) containing high levels of metals and sulfur, has a high viscosity so it must be heated in order to melt.In the process of distillation rise, crude oil is not separated into pure components, but into factions, the groups have a certain boiling point ranges. This is because so many types of hydrocarbon components and isomers of hydrocarbons having boiling points close together. Distilled rise can be explained as follows:• Crude oil is heated in a boiler using high-pressure steam to a temperature of ~ 600oC. Crude oil vapor is then poured into the bottom of the tower / distillation furnace.• In the distillation tower, crude oil vapor moves upward through the plates (tray). Each plate has a lot of holes that come with cap bubbles (bubble cap) that allow vapor through.• In this movement, crude oil vapor would be cool. Some steam will reach a height where steam will be condensed to form liquid water. Liquid obtained within a certain temperature range is called a fraction.• fraction containing compounds with high boiling point will condense at the bottom of the distillation tower. While the fraction of compounds with low boiling points will condense at the top of the tower.b. Petroleum or petroleum is also dubbed as the black gold, the liquid is thick, dark brown or greenish flammable, and are in the upper layers of the few areas in the earth's crust. Petroleum is composed of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, which largely consists of a series of alkanes but vary in appearance, composition, and purity.Oil is a natural material with different types of chemical compounds, which can be used in a variety of industrial raw materials.a. Plastic (PE)Plastic is an elastic material, heat resistant, easy to set up, lighter than wood, and are not corroded by the moisture.The chemical structure of the compounds possessed similar liquid hydrocarbon wax is allowed to be processed into high-quality lubricating oil.b. PaintCat is a product of the surface coatings industry, aiming to maintain the durability of the coated material (wood, metal or walls) and for aesthetics (beauty). This paint function is to give a good bond between the surface of the object and paint coatings. Chromium in the form polikrometik used as the final layer of paint on the vehicle.c. Textile (Nylon)The word comes from the Latin textiles texer means weaving. Textiles made of fibers that are spun, woven, knitted, woven or mesh made of yarn. Fiber can be grouped into two categories, namely natural fibers and synthetic fibers. For large-scale production of nylon as raw material used coal, petroleum, natural gas, and agricultural products. Nylon 66 (Clause 6.6 or 6 is the number of carbon atoms forming material) made from raw material caprolactam.d. PVC (Polyvinyl chloride)Monomer from PVC (poly vinyl chloride) is one of ethene hydrogen atom is replaced (substituted) with a chloride atom. Vinyl chloride with the chemical formula CH2 = CHCl called kloroetilena or chloroethene is a colorless gas, which melts at a temperature of 13.9 oC. PVC including the most widely used thermoplastics, are strong and resilient. PVC divided into two elastic PVC and hard PVC, or rigid. Type used for the elastic PVC floor coverings, toy balls, gloves, rainwear.Vinyl plastic made from natural gas, or petroleum. Vinyl can be made weak, stiff, or nodes. For materials that are not easily broken or torn, vinyl is not damaged by acid, oil or water.
 e. Glues or adhesivesAdhesives are materials to combine two objects on its surface, for example cement, tablet coatings, adhesives, or latex. Mechanism of action of the adhesive is mechanical or physical adhesion and chemical bonding.The process of gluing objects by including the adhesive into the pores of the body, resulting in mechanical locking. In chemical bonding chemical reactions occur (tensile electric) between adhesive molecules and surfaces. Generally adhesion occurs simultaneously between physical and chemical bonding.
 f. Polystyrene (PS).Polystyrene is a polymer containing styrene monomer C6H5CH = CH2. These polymers include thermoplastic group, is clear and hard plastic. Polystyrene is produced in the form of plastic foam with a commercial name Styrofoam, or as an insulating material (electricity, heat), furniture components, packaging materials, toys, and objects toilet. Styrene prepared by pyrolysis-dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. Polymers are materials that anti-rust and non-flammable.

2. Amino acids in the form of ions is called zwitter ion is amphoteric (can be acid or alkaline). All amino acids except glycine, have an asymmetric C atom or chiral C atom, the C atom that binds to four different groups (group-H,-COOH,-NH2, and-R). Therefore, all the amino acids (except glycine) are optically active. That is, the compound can rotate the plane of polarization of light.
When chiral molecules (molecules that have a plane of symmetry) reflected, reflection can get just by turning the initial molecule and produce two identical molecules
Because he was able to bind to four different atoms bonded, because the atoms are bonded differences that can be dragged other atoms until she has many benefits for humans.

3 .Ethylene is a plant hormone first in the form of gas. If the fruit is ripe citrus combined with bananas, ripe bananas faster because oranges emit ethylene gas.
Ethylene is a plant and lead to faster ripening in fruits, including bananas. Ethylene formation requires O2 and is inhibited by CO2. All parts of the plant can produce ethylene gas angiosperms. Formation mainly occurs in roots, shoot apical meristem, mode, fall flowers and ripe fruit.
Ethylene gas has an effect on growth and development, fruit maturation.
because the fruit contains ethylene gas is natural gas, which contained young or young fruit. = chemical structure of acetylene gas ethylene.
  on, old fruit ethylene gas concentration increases, in order to accelerate the ripening of fruit ...
Fruit ripening process naturally produces some natural gas such as water vapor, CO2 and acetylene (C2H2 carbide gas =).
Chemistry in storage if the fruit is also added acetylene carbide will spur production of fruit ripening process will mean faster. Carbide (CaC2) if in the open air will react with water vapor in the air (H2O) little by little to produce acetylene (C2H2).
  So that makes a hormone called ethylene gas, ripe fruit (carbide = trade name). Actually plants naturally produce this hormone is to ripe fruit. However, carbide add fruit traders has more than the normal rate for the fruit to mature faster.

: 4. In order to be aromatic, all pi electrons must be paired, so it is possible overlapping (overlapping) optimal resulting in delocalization perfect.
     If siklooktatetraena flat and has a system similar to pi pi system of benzene, the orbital π1, π2, and π3 will be filled with six pi electrons pi.Dua remaining electrons will each occupy degenerate orbitals and π5 π4 (Hund's rule). Then not all the pi electrons will pair up and will not overlap maksimal.Jadi sikooktatetraena will not be aromatic.

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