Organic compounds in the life 

There are three important components of the energy producer is in need for every human being. 

1. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates as nutrients is the name of a group of organic substances that have a molecular structure that is different, although there are similarities in terms of chemistry and function. Carbohydrates have an important role in determining the characteristics of foods, such as flavor, color, texture, and others. Carbohydrates are called sugar sweet (sugar). Of several classes of carbohydrates, there is a producer of fibers that are very useful as a diet (dietary fiber), which is useful for human digestion.Cluster carbohydrates
 
According to the size of molecules, carbohydrates can be divided into several groups as follows-

•  Monosaccharides, including glucose, fructose, and galactose.
•  Disaccharides, including sucrose, maltose, and lactose. 
•  Polysaccharides, including starch, cellulose, and glycogen.  

Disaccharide 
Disaccharide is a carbohydrate molecule composed of two monosaccharides, linked by glycoside bonds. Glycoside bond formed between atoms C 1 a monosaccharide O atom of OH with other monosaccharides. 1 mole of disaccharide hydrolysis will produce 2 moles of monosaccharide. Here are some disaccharide that is widely available in nature.

a. Maltose 
Maltose is a disaccharide and is the result of the partial hydrolysis of starch (starch). Maltose molecules composed of α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose.



From the structure of maltose, it appears that the-O-as a liaison between units which connects C 1 of the α-D-glucose to C 4 of the β-D-glucose. Configuring the glycoside bond in maltose always α as maltose hydrolyzed by α-glucosidase. One molecule of maltose hydrolyzed into two molecules of glucose. 

b. Sukrosa 
Sucrose found in sugar cane and sugar beet. In everyday life known as table sugar sucrose. Sucrose is composed of glucose and fructose molecules are linked by 1,2-α bonds.


Structure of sucroseSucrose hydrolyzed by the enzyme invertase produces α-D-glucose and β-D-fructose. Sugar mixture is called inversion sugar, sweeter than sucrose.If we look at the structure, anomerik carbon (the carbonyl carbon monosaccharide) of glucose and fructose in the water is not used to bind so that they do not have a group hemiasetal.Consequently, sucrose in water is in equilibrium with the aldehyde or ketone form that sucrose can not be oxidized. Sucrose is not a reducing sugar.
  
c. Laktosa 
Lactose is the major component found in mother's milk and cow's milk. Lactose molecule composed of β-D-galactose and α-D-glucose linked by bonds 1.4 '-β.

 The structure of lactoseHydrolysis of lactose with the help of enzymes galaktase resulting from digestion, will give the same equivalent amount of α-D-glucose and β-D-galactose. If the enzyme is missing or impaired, the baby can not digest milk. This situation is known as galactosemia disease commonly affects infants.

 Structure of sucroseSucrose hydrolyzed by the enzyme invertase produces α-D-glucose and β-D-fructose. Sugar mixture is called inversion sugar, sweeter than sucrose.If we look at the structure, anomerik carbon (the carbonyl carbon monosaccharide) of glucose and fructose in the water is not used to bind so that they do not have a group hemiasetal.Consequently, sucrose in water is in equilibrium with the aldehyde or ketone form that sucrose can not be oxidized. Sucrose is not a reducing sugar.





The structure of lactose 

Hydrolysis of lactose with the help of enzymes galaktase resulting from digestion, will give the same equivalent amount of α-D-glucose and β-D-galactose. If the enzyme is missing or impaired, the baby can not digest milk. This situation is known as galactosemia disease commonly affects infants.

Each molecule of glucose contains 38 ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Carbohydrate metabolism is affected by enzymes and hormone-specific hormones. The function of carbohydrates is as follows:1. As with producing calories (1 gram = 4.1 calories)2. Forming organic compounds such as fats and proteins3. Maintain acid base balance in the body 


2. Fat
 Fats are a group of organic bond comprising the elements Carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O), which has the property of substances soluble in certain solvents (solvent fats), such as ether. The fat has a high melting point is solid at room temperature, while having a low melting point, is fluid.  
Fats are solid at room temperature are called fat salary, while the liquid at room temperature are called oils. 
Fatty acids are made by the body are called nonessential fatty acids, whereas fatty acids derived from the diet are called essential fatty acidsThe fat function as follows: 
1. As a producer of energy (1 gram = 9.3 calories) 
2. Builders specific cell parts 
3. Solvents some vitamins, namely vitamins A, D, E, and K
 4. As the body armor of the low temperature.

3.Protein 
is a nutrient that is essential, because the closest relation to the procedural processes of life. All life living cells associated with protein nutrients. Protein name derived from the Greek word protebos, which means "the first" or "most important". Inside the cell, the protein exists as well as the structural protein metabolic proteins. Structural protein is an integral part of the cell structure and can not be extracted without causing disentegrasi cell. Metabolic proteins can be extracted without damage can be extracted without damaging the integrity of the cell structure itself.The properties of a protein is determined by: 
1. Amino acids found in protein molecules 
2. The number of each type of amino acid 
3. The composition of amino acids in a protein molecule

 There are some amino acids that can not be created by our bodies, so it must be obtained from our daily diet.  
Amino acids are called essential amino acids, amounting to 8, namely: lisineleusin, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan.Protein chemically digested into amino acids which are then absorbed in the walls ahlus. These amino acids into the blood vessel and transported to the body's cells.The function of proteins, namely: 
1. Producing energy (1 gram = 4.1 calories) 
2. Builders of new networks and replace damaged 
3. Manufacturing the enzymes and hormones 
4. Guard acid base balance in the body
 5. Antibody-forming 

3.Protein
is the main component in living cells that play an important role in the life process. In a review of protein chemistry is a complex organic compounds of high molecular weight polymer with a monomer in the form of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Protein molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, and Phosphorus. For a discussion we examine the first protein monomer building blocks of protein are amino acids. sam acids are organic compounds having carboxylate functional group (COOH) and amine (NH2) attached to a carbon atom (Cɲ) the same, the atom is also generally a C asymmetric. The detailed structure of amino acids built by a C atom that binds to four groups namely amine (NH2), a carboxylic group (COOH), a hydrogen atom (H), and the rest of the group R.

Carboxylate groups of acidic amino acid causes an alkaline amine.
 
In the human body there are some amino acids that are not synthesized in the body the essential amino acids. The need for this amino acid in a can of food. There are ten kinds of essential amino acids, namely arginine, (Arg), Histidine (His), Isoleucine (Ile), Leucine (Leu), lysine (Lys), Methionin (Met), Phenilalanin (Phe), threonine (Thr), tryptophan (Trp ) and Valine (Val). Essential amino acids can be obtained from foods such as eggs, meat, milk.